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The National Mine Map Repository (NMMR)() is part of the United States Department of the Interior (DOI), Office of Surface Mining Reclamation and Enforcement (OSMRE or OSM).〔U.S. Dept. of the Interior ("DOI Bureaus" )〕 The NMMR resides in the Pittsburgh suburb of Green Tree, Pennsylvania, and collects and maintains mine map information and images for the entire country, including data and maps of coal mines in the anthracite coal region of northeastern Pennsylvania.〔National Mine Map Repository ("Contacts, office locations, and telephone numbers" )〕 The Green Tree facility provides and stores, digitally and in microfilm (aperture cards), over 181,000 maps of abandoned mines. This repository contains maps of mine workings from the 1790s to the present day.〔OSMRE ("AR Technology Services Branch" )〕 It serves as a point of reference for mine maps and other information for both surface and underground mines throughout the United States. It also serves as a location to retrieve mine maps in an emergency. The NMMR provides services ranging from retrieving mine related data for economic analysis to assessing the potential risk associated with underground mining. Through analysis of mine maps and related information, the repository assists private and public sectors in industrial and commercial development, highway construction,〔Ohio Department of Transportation ("Update of Abandoned Underground Mine Activities in Ohio" )〕 and the preservation of public health, safety, and welfare. In addition, they collect, reproduce, and maintain a national inventory of mine maps and supporting documentation for private and public interests. ==History== The Federal Coal Mine Health and Safety Act of 1969 established a national mine map repository.〔U.S. Dept. of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration ("Federal Coal Mine Health and Safety Act" )〕 The repository was funded by and assigned to the Department of the Interior, Bureau of Mines (BOM) in 1970. A repository was set up at a BOM office in Pittsburgh and Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania and covered all states east of the Mississippi River with the exception of Louisiana and Minnesota. These two states, together with Arizona, New Mexico, North Dakota, South Dakota, Wyoming, Utah, Colorado, Missouri, and Kansas, were covered by a separate repository at the BOM Intermountain Field Operation Center in Denver, Colorado. A fourth repository, in Spokane, Washington, held the mining archives for the western states of Washington, Oregon, California, Nevada, Montana, and Idaho. In 1982 the responsibility of maintaining the repository and its staff was formally transferred to DOI's Office of Surface Mining Reclamation and Enforcement. Later, when BOM was dissolved in 1996, all of the maps from the BOM offices were consolidated into the current OSM Pittsburgh repository. The Wilkes-Barre repository was closed in 2011,〔CitizensVoice.com ("Office of Surface Mining to close Wilkes-Barre location" )〕 and its collection transferred to the Pittsburgh office,〔Pottsville Republican, Inc. ("Office of Surface Mining to close Wilkes-Barre office in fall" )〕 which is designated as the National Mine Map Repository. The mission of the repository has always been to obtain authoritative maps on past and current mining operations and preserve them on microfilm. Higher priority is given to maps of mines in areas where the potential for adverse impact to the environment is more significant. The NMMR, in addition to being an archival entity concerned with the preservation of mine maps, is also a basic reference file of information on mines. The information is made available to federal and state geological surveys, state mining bureaus, mining companies, oil and gas companies, conservationists, research and planning organizations, water pollution boards, city and industrial planners, highway engineers, building contractors, real estate developers and private citizens. Today the NMMR facility is equipped with modern map scanning and archiving capability to digitize maps. The primary archival method remains microfilm although the repository's holdings are increasingly available in digital format. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「National Mine Map Repository」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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